Anti-Malarials: Malaria is highly wide spread infectious disease, originate by sporozoa of genus plasmodium. It is characterized clinically by anaemia, periodic fever, enlargement of liver and spleen. The four substances, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale are responsible for malaria in male. Thus, there are four kinds of malaria,
Protozoa
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Malaria caused
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Plasmodium vivax
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Fever on alternating days
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Plasmodium malariae
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Fever just the once in three days
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Plasmodium ovale
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Fever just the once in three days
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Fever just the once in four days
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The chemotherapy of malaria is connected with different stages in the cycle of malaria parasite. The mosquito inserts the leech into the blood of a human being. It right away goes to the liver where it multiplies. Once the lice have increased in number, these approach to blood and goes into the red blood corpuscles where they also multiply. Ultimately, the red cells burst healing the parasites as well as toxins. These toxins originate fever, rigor and chills. The liberated lice attack the new red cells and the cycle continues. Relaying upon the periodicity of this cycle in the red cells fever comes on alternating days, just the once in three days or just the once in four days. Some of the liberated lice go back to liver and continue the cycle there.
Choice of an anti malarial drug depends on the point of its action on the life cycle of the malaria parasite. Several drugs used are:
(i) Primaquine: It destroys porosities in the liver. It is too noxious, and its long time use is not advisable.
(ii) Chloroquine, pyrimethamine and proquanil: These kill the parasites in blood.
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