Anomalous Behaviour of Boron

         Like Li and Be, Boron - the first member of group 13 also shows anomalous behaviour due to extremely low size and high nuclear charge/size ratio, the high electronegativity and the non-availability of d electrons. The basic point of differences is,

         (1) Boron is the typical non- metal whereas other members are metals.

         (2) Boron is a bad conductor of electricity whereas other metals are good conductors.

         (3) Boron shows the allotropy and exists in two forms - crystalline and amorphous. The aluminium is a soft metal and does not exist in different forms.

         (4) Like other non-metals, boiling point and melting point of boron are very high than those of other elements of group 13.

   (5) The boron forms only covalent compounds whereas aluminium and other elements of group 13 form even some of the ionic compounds.

         (6) The oxides and hydroxides of boron are acidic in nature whereas those of the others are amphoteric and basic.

         (7) The trihalides of the boron (BX₃) exist as monomers On the other hand, aluminium halides are existing as dimers (Al₂X₆).

         (8) The hydrides of boron i.e. boranes are quite stable while those of aluminium are unstable.

         (9) Dilute acids have no action on boron Others liberate H₂ from them.

         (10) Borates are more stable than aluminates.

         (11) Boron exhibit maximum covalency of four for example BH^-₄ ion while other members exhibit a maximum covalency of six for example [Al(OH)₆]^3-­.

         (12) Boron does not decompose steam while other members do so.

         (13) Boron combines with metals to give borides for example Mg₃B₂. Other members form simply alloys.

         (14) The concentrated nitric acid oxidises boron to form boric acid but no such action is noticed other group members.

      B + 3HNO₃ →H₃BO₃ + 3NO₂

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