Aluminium

         (1) Ores of Aluminium : Bauxite (Al₂O₃.2H₂O), Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆), Felspar (KAlSi₃O₈), Kaolinite (Al₂O₃.2SiO₂.2H₂O), Mica (K₂O.3Al₂O₃.6SiO₂.2H₂O), Corundum (Al₂O₃), Diaspore (Al₂O₃.H₂O), Alunite or alum stone [K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)O₃.4Al(OH)₃]. 

   (2) Extraction : Aluminium is obtained by the electrolysis of the oxide (alumina) dissolved in fused cryolite. This involves following steps,

         Purification of ore

         (i) Baeyer's process

         (ii) Hall's process

         (iii) Serpek's process

         (iv) Hall and Heroult process : It is used for extraction of aluminium. In this process a fused mixture of alumina (20%), cryolite (60%) and fluorspar (20%) is electrolysed using carbon electrodes. Whereas cryolite makes Al₂O₃ conducting fluorspar decreases  the melting point of alumina.

         An aluminium is refined by the process of Hoope's electrolytic.

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