Alloys

          A metallic product containing two or more metals or sometimes one of the ingredients a non-metal provided that the mixture is homogenous and possesses metallic properties, is termed as an alloy. Alloys are commonly prepared by melting two or more metals together in the proportions and then allowing the melting to solidify. If the metals is mercury the alloy is called as amalgam.

         The Alloys are prepared with the view to provide some desirable properties which the individual metals do not possess. These are,

         (1) Change in the chemical reactivity : Sodium acts vigorously with water, but Na-Hg amalgam reacts slowly to suit the requirement of a number of chemical reactions.

         (2) Hardness : Silver, gold and soft metals but become hard when alloyed with copper.

         (3) Melting Points : Melting points of an alloy may be higher or lower than any of its components. The wood-metal, which is alloy of Bi, Sn Pb, and Cd fuses at 60.5^oC., while none of these metals fuses at this low temperature.

         (4) Change of colour : Aluminium bronze is an alloy of aluminium and copper. It is golden, yellow in colour and is used in making of the decoration articles, jewellery and the coins while the colour of aluminium is white and of copper is red.

         (5) Corrosion resistance : Iron gets corroded soon whereas stainless Steel, an alloy of iron and chromium, resists corrosion.

         (6) Casting : An alloy of lead and antimony is known as type metal is used for casting type required in printing works. 

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