Alkyl groups
These are univalent groups or radicals obtained by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a molecule of a paraffin. The symbol 'R' is often used to represent an alkyl group.
![539_alkyl group.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/539_alkyl group.png)
Alkyl groups are called by dropping-ane from the name of corresponding paraffin and adding the ending-yl.
Parent saturated hydrocarbon
|
Name of the alkyl group
|
Structure
|
Methane
|
Methyl
|
CH3 -
|
Ethane
|
Ethyl
|
CH3 - CH2 -
|
Propane
|
n-Propyl
|
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -
|
Butane
|
n-Butyl
|
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 -
|
Alkyl groups derived from saturated hydrocarbons having three or more carbon atoms exist in isomeric forms.
![593_alkyl group1.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/593_alkyl group1.png)
Similarly, removal of different H atoms in pentane gives the following radicals :
![335_alkyl group2.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/335_alkyl group2.png)
Table: Unsaturated groups or radicals
Group
|
Common name
|
IUPAC name
|
CH2 = CH -
|
Vinyl
|
Ethenyl
|
![754_alkyl group3.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/754_alkyl group3.png)
|
Allyl
|
2-Propenyl
|
![1870_alkyl group4.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1870_alkyl group4.png)
|
-
|
1-Propenyl
|
![891_alkyl group5.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/891_alkyl group5.png)
|
Acetylide
|
Ethynyl
|
![129_alkyl group6.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/129_alkyl%20group6.png)
|
Propargyl
|
2-Propynyl
|
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