Alkali Metals and Their Compounds

         The group 1 of the periodic table contains six elements, namely lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs) and francium (Fr). All such elements are typical metals. The francium is radioactive with the longest lived isotope ²²³Fr with half life period of only 21 minute. These are generally referred to as alkali metals since their hydroxides form the strong bases or alkalies.

         (1) Electronic configuration

         (2) Occurrence : Alkali metals are very reactive and thus found in combined state some important ores of alkali metals are given ahead.

         (i) Lithium : Triphylite, Petalite, lepidolite, Spodumene [LiAl(SiO₃)₃], Amblygonite [Li(Al F)PO₄]

         (ii) Sodium : Chile salt petre (NaNO₃), Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄), Borax (Na₂B₄O₇10H₂O), Glauber salt (Na₂ SO₄.10H₂O)

         (iii) Potassium : Sylime (KCl), carnallite (KCl.MgCl₂.6H­₂O) and Felspar whose chemical formula is(K₂O.Al₂O₃.6SiO₂)

         (iv) Rubidium : Lithium ores Lepidolite, triphylite contains 0.7 to 3% Rb₂O

         (v) Caesium : Lepidolite, Pollucite contains 0.2 to 7% Cs₂O

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