Aliphatic Hydrocarbon
Organic compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons basically are two kinds
(1) Aliphatic Hydrocarbon (Alkenes, Alkanes and Alkynes).
(2) Aromatic Hydrocarbon (Arenes)
Sources of aliphatic hydrocarbon
Mineral oil or crude oil, petroleum [Petra → rock; oleum → oil] is the dark colour oily liquid with offensive odour found at various depths in many regions below the surface of the earth. It is usually placed under the rocks of earth's crust and often floats over salted water.
Composition
(i) Alkanes : found 30 to 70% contain upto 40 carbon molecule. Alkanes are mostly linear chain but some are branched chain isomers.
(ii) Cycloalkanes : Found 16 to 64% cycloalkanes present in petroleum are; methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane etc. cycloalkanes rich oil is called asphaltic oil.
(iii) Aromatic hydrocarbon : found 8 to 15% compound present in petroleum are; Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Naphthalene etc.
(iv) Sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen compound : Sulphur compound present to the extent of 6% include mercaptans [R-SH] and sulphides [R-S-R]. The unlikable smell of petroleum is due to sulphur elements. Nitrogenous substances are pyrroles, pyridines and quinolines. Oxygen elements present in petroleum are Phenols, resins and Alcohols. Compounds like haemin, chlorophyll are also found in it.
(v) Natural gas : It is a mixture of Methane (80%), Ethane (13%), Propane (3%), Butane (1%), Vapours of low boiling pentanes and hexanes (0.5%) and Nitrogen (1.3%). L.P.G. Contain butanes and pentanes and used as cooking gas. It is highly inflammable. It has methane, ethane and nitrogen.
(vi) C.N.G. : When natural gas compressed at very high pressure is called compressed natural gas (CNG). Natural gas has octane number of 130 it has, partly of methane and can contain, small volume of propane and ethane.
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