The acid-base neutralisation and Salt

The reaction among an acid and a base to form salt and water is termed neutralisation

The process of neutralisation does not produce the resulting solution always neutral; no doubt it involves the interaction of H⁺ and OH^- ions. The nature of the resulting solution depends on the particular acid and the particular base involved in the reaction.

Salts : The salts are regarded as compounds made up of positive and negative ions. The positive part comes from a base while negative part from an acid. Salts are ionic compounds. The salts can be classified into following classes,

(1) Simple salts : The salt formed by the interaction among acid and base, is called as simple salt. These are of three types,

(i) Normal salts : the salts formed by the loss of all possible protons (replaceable hydrogen atoms as H⁺) are called normal salts. This type of salt does not contain either replacable hydrogen or a hydroxyl group.

Examples : NaCl, NaNO₃, K₂SO₄, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, Na₃BO₃, Na₂HPO₃ (one H atom is not replaceable as H₃PO₂ is a dibasic acid) NaH₂PO₂ (both H atoms are not replaceable as H₃PO₂ is a monobasic acid) etc.

(ii) Acidic salts : Salts formed by incomplete neutralisation of poly-basic acids are called acidic salts. This type of salts still contain one or more replaceable hydrogen atoms. These salts when are neutralised by the bases form normal salts.

Examples : NaHCO3, NaHSO4, NaH₂PO_2,  etc.

(iii) Basic salts : Salts formed by incomplete neutralisation of poly acidic bases are called basic salts. This type of salts still contains one or more hydroxyl groups. These salts when are neutralised by the acids form normal salts.

Examples: Zn(OH)Cl, Mg(OH)Cl, Fe(OH)₂Cl, Bi(OH)₂Cl


      (2) Double salts : The addition compounds formed by combination of the two simple salts are termed as double salts. This type of salts are stable in solid state only.

Examples : Ferrous ammonium sulphate, Potash alum and other alums.

      (3) Complex salts : These are formed by combination of simple salts or the molecular compounds. These molecular compounds are stable in solid state as well as in solutions.

 

       (4) The Mixed salts : The salt which furnishes more than one cation or more than one anion when dissolved in water is called a mixed salt.

 Examples :             

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