Abstract classes compared to interfaces:
We summarize the differences and similarities between abstract classes and interfaces.
The differences between an interface and an abstract class in Java interface
- An interface is not a class.
- All its methods are abstract and, apartfromits abstract methods, it may contain only constants. The methods are implicitly treated as abstract and the constants are treated as if declared as public static final.
- An interface can be implemented by any number of unrelated classes, which declare this using the implements keyword. A class may implement any number of interfaces.
Abstract class:
- An abstract class uses the keyword abstract in the class header.
- It normally has at least one abstract method, either defined within the class or inherited from a superclass, and its abstract methods must be explicitly declared abstract. It can also have concrete methods (that is, it may be fully implemented) and instance variables, unlike an interface.
- It can only constrain its own concrete subclasses, by requiring them to implement its abstract methods - it cannot constrain any other classes.
The similarities between an interface and an abstract class in Java
- They can both place requirements on objects of other classes.
- Both can have abstract methods (although neither need have abstract methods).
- You cannot create objects of an abstract class type or an interface type. You can, however, create reference variables of either type. These are normally used to refer to an object of a subclass of the abstract type or to an object of a class that implements the interface, respectively.
- Both can inherit: the abstract class from another class; the interface only from another interface.
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