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Power System Analysis

Through the usage of power system analysis, effective and economical use of power is done. Field measurements and computer models are used to analyze power systems. From the analysis, suitable recommendations are made and custom products such as filter and power factor correction capacitor banks are made. By this use of power analysis studies database, a systems performance and power quality is improved along with reducing its operating costs. It also helps in providing a more reliable supply of power during the operation of the system. Latest software tools are used for devising a system which is completely optimized. Some examples can be an optimized transformer, cable loadings or switch gear.

The reports thus prepared detail the current, voltage and the power factor of the system at various locations. A mathematical model could also be applied for optimizing the electrical power which is used in a system. This is done by determining whether the loadings can be aided by a power factor correlation, can be redistributed or a new load could be added or not.

The steps in power system analysis

All the different parameters are studied while performing an analysis by the specialist and engineers. By using a total systems approach a complete and though evaluation is gained. The major steps taken ensure that all the conditions and provided information’s are well understood and considered. These steps are:

1. Conducting field trips for gathering data.

2. Coordinating with the power supply utility closely for obtaining information of the power systems which are in remote locations.

3. Coordination properly with the variable frequency drives manufacturers for obtaining accurate harmonic characteristics for the special drives.

4. Accurately modeling the power systems which are to be used in design of filters and/or for coordination of the protection devices.

Typical form of power system analysis

Load flow-Performing a base study for determining the steady state operating characteristics of an electrical system,

Transient motor starting- This study is used for examining how the electrical system reacts when the individual or group of motors are started individually.

Short circuit- The study is used for calculating and studying the fault current levels at all the buses of a system for minimizing the consequence if a short circuit occurs in the system.

Protective device coordination study- The protective devices like circuit breakers, relays and fuses are examine and then properly coordinated for protecting the instrument and the personnel involved.

Harmonic study- The systems with twenty percent or more non linear loadings (produced by equipment such as arc welders, variable speed drives and fluorescent ballasts) are recommended for the harmonic study.

By the tool of power flow study, numerical analysis is applied to a power system. The power flow study uses the simplified notations such as one line diagram and per unit system with the main focus on AC power. The power analysis of the systems is done in a normal steady operation. In the base case study, the software implementations also perform other types of analysis like short circuit fault analysis and economic analysis. Some programs also use linear programming for finding the optimal power flow, which the conditions are giving the lowest per kilowatt hour.

The power flow analysis and flow studies are important for planning the future expansion of the power systems. They also devise the best method for an existing power system.The main information obtained from the study is the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage occurring at each bus. It also deduces the reactive as well as real power which is flowing in each line.

The network analyzers, built between the years 1929 and early 1960’sprovided laboratory models of power systems. The importance and need of fully informative visualizations of power systems have been recognized and formalized in the early decade of 1990. As of now, more novel approaches to three dimensional animation and visualization of power systems are being designed.