"Work place safetyName:Institution of Affiliation: 1. Discuss occupational hazards and classify?An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with the potential to harm a worker. It canbe divided into 2 classes as follows: Safety hazards, these cause accidents that potentially injureworkers and Health hazard, this result in development of diseases.They only rep a potential to cause harm, this will depend on the toxicity of the healthhazard, exposure amount and duration. They represent risk to human health.ARisk is the probability or chance that it will actually harm somebody.Chemical hazards include neurotoxins, immune agents, dermatologic agents, carcinogens,reproductive toxins, systemic toxins, asthma gens, pneumoconootic agent and sensitizers.Biological hazards e.g. microorganisms and toxin produced by living organisms e.g. influenza,insect bites, snake bite, LymePsychosocial hazards e.g. occupational burn out and occupational stress.Physical hazards e.g. ergonomics, radiation, heat, cold stress, vibration hazard, and noise hazardNoise. This include loud music, bombs2. Discuss occupational diseases and accidents in the Healthcare, Agricultural andIndustrial sectors respectivelyHealthcareBiological agents that cause disease e.g. TB, hepatitis, HIV.Chemicals like anesthetic gases, heavy metals, polychlorinated bephyniles.Pesticides, carbon monoxide, carcinogensPhysical agents e.g. Noise, ionizing radiation, fights, lights. Stress from work environment.Agricultural. Hazards in the agricultural sectors include the following categoriesPhysical hazards like heat, humidity, cold, solar rays, noise and vibrationChemicals like pesticides, fertilizers, animal feedsBiological like zoonoses, snake bites, scorpionsting, major communicable occupational diseases.Dust like may contain fungal matter, animal matter, including insects and excreta, storage mites,grain dusts, flour dustErgonomics like heavy work, repetitive work, poor ergonomic design of tools and equipment,incorrect working habits. This lead to musculoskeletal disorders.Accidents like accidental deaths, serious as well as minor accidents due to machines, animalattacks, snake bites, fire and chemicals eg pesticides,3. Discuss the interaction between work and health, focusing on the positive health effectsof work. The health benefits of returning to work ?returning to work from unemployment results insignificant health improvements and increases the esteem of the individual. This can reversenegative health effects of unemployment.The health benefits of work for people with long-term health problems or disabilities. It helpspeople recover from illness and reduces the risk of long-term incapability.There is a strong link between unemployment and deterioration in physical and mental healthand well-being. Job satisfactionPositive emotionsSocial connections and interactionMental health4. What is sustainable development? This Economic development that is done without depletion of natural resources. It is thus a process of meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of natural resourcesand ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depends. It has the followingdimensions :-Environment/ecology ? energy,manufacturing,technology, transport, business,income,arthitecture,Social Economic Bearable, equitable, viable, sustainableCircles of sustainability ?Politics, culture, economics, ecologyExplain how occupational health influences sustainable development.Healthy workers are productive and raise healthy families: thus healthy workers are a keystrategy for poverty reduction. Safe workplace contribute to SD which is key to poverty reductionThe process of protecting workers, surrounding communities and the development environmentfor future generations have important common elements such as pollution control and exposurereduction.Much pollution and many environmental exposures that are hazardous to health arise fromindustrial processes that may be influenced by occupational health and safety programs.Occupational safety and health can contribute to improving the employability of workers,through workplace design, maintenance of a healthy and safe work environment, training andretaining, assessment of work demands, medical diagnosis, health screening and assessment offunctional capacities.Occupational health is fundamental to public health as major diseases need workplace programsas a control strategy.Workplace health risks are higher in the informal sector and small industry which are key areasof action on poverty alleviation, where people can work their way out of poverty.5. Explain the primary methods used in reducing employee exposure to occupationalhazardsChoosing a control method may involve? Evaluation and selecting temporary and permanent controls ? Implementing temporary control measures until permanent (engineering)controls can be put in place.? Implement permanent controls when reasonably practicable.The main ways to control hazards are:-Elimination methodSubstitution methodEngineering control methodsProcess control methodEnclosure and isolation methodVentilation methodGood Work practice control methodsAdministrative control methods? Scheduling maintenance and other high exposure operations for time when few workersare available? Using job rotations that limit amount of time an individual is exposed to a risk? Using work rest schedules that limit the length of time a worker is exposed to a hazard.? Work practices? Education and training? Good house keeping ? Emergency preparedness? Personal hygiene practices and facilities? Personal protective equipmentWhat are occupational diseases? Discuss.Occupational diseases are illness conditions resulting from exposure to agents during the usualperformance of one's occupation. They develop over many years depending on the intensity andcircumstances of exposure like asbestos exposure lead to asbestosis. They resemble othermedical conditions like lead poisoning duplicate asthma. There are diseases that occurexclusively in certain industries for instance we lde r’ s flash or fa rme rs’ lung. Though stress andPsychiatric related disorders are controversial due to lack of a clear relationship to work. "