"1. What is the Difference between Government & Private Organizations?2. Does that Difference mean that Commercial Negotiation is Different between Governmentand Private Organizations?3. What is the Implication of the Differences to other parties, such as Contractors, orDesieners?4. What is the basis for answering RQ1 & RQ2?5. Have you come across these forms of Collaboration?6. Can you think through the implications upon negotiation with these forms of relationship?7. Will it be easier with some that others?8. Would the outcomes be impacted by a need for probity and governance in GovernmentCommercial Negotiation situations?In the last part of the Chapter Walker and Walker look at the impact of the "REPWittgenstein's Family Resemblance Model" what are your thoughts regarding:9. Can you see the way that the:a. Platform Foundation Facilitiesb. Behavioural Factorsc. Processes, routines and means.....would impact on negotiated outcomes?10. ...and then finally can you do the last Practical Assessment?In conclusion to this week:11. Do the ideas in Chapter 6 help in structuring your thoughts around Commercial ProjectNegotiation?12. How does this week's topic relate to the previous weeks topics?13. How relevant are the thoughts of Alfredson & Cungu from the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations in the context of this chapter? Or are we looking atcompletely different ideas?Answer:The Government and private organization are not the same. The main differences ofthese two organization as mentioned below:1 ? The private sector contains a clear measure to progress or success of the project.But very fewer measures are available to progress the project in the governmentsector. ? Government sectorsare more powerful than the private sectors. That is the onlyreason for the individuals for selecting the government sectors to work with. Butmost of the people select the private sector. Because, they hope that the privatesector provides the opportunity to earn money for their life. Otherwise, they hopethat it will make a trained candidate to earn money.? Some civil services and rules are there in the government organizations. It willmake the outstanding performances difficult to encourage. ? Private sector have difficult to create the new product and launch in public.Because, they don’t have much knowledge about the policies and, the laws andregulations are given by the government. But, the government managers have theknowledge to create a desire product.? Private sector have the clear idea about objective and goals of the project followthe top to bottom approach. Whereas in government sectors, the goals andobjectives are in fuzzy or ill-formed.? Private sector project manager assumes that their project work is more difficultthan the public organizations. They assume that the project work is more complexand need to do it very fast. Although,private organization havetoughprojects, theyaccomplish their project results very easily.Answer: Private and public organizations both of them have commercial negotiation. Theprivate organization has more commercial focus. But, it is flexible with the users of theproject. Private sectorscontains more importance to profit at the same time they consider thepeople. In public organizations, the rules are based on the finance. It is inflexible for the usersof the project.Private organizations mainly focus on the project as profit oriented. The privateorganization continuously increase the returns of profit to the shareholders and companyowners. Their commercial activities are very confidential. But, public organization spends thepublic money wisely and transparently even to fulfil the public demands and needs. The2 public organizations conduct regular interval audit. For that, the public organization spendsmore money. Both the organizations mainly focus on purchasing the good products from thesupplier. Also both are negotiating with the suppliers to purchase the product at right price.Cost reduction is done by the supplier at the time of negotiation. The private and publicorganizations serve their services to the public and serves in different ways. Publicorganization serve the people to services at low cost or free. Whereas, the privateorganization serve the people for services at high rate.Public sector doesn’t need to negotiatewith the labourers. But, the project manager in the private sector organizations must negotiatewith the contractors to minimize the labour cost.Public sectors must conduct the meeting atregular interval. Because, they must record the budget of the project. Otherwise negotiationtakes place by the public with the budget.Answer: The project contractor has the responsibility of planning and implementing the overallproject. They also schedule the overall budget to finish the project. But, the organizationsgive only the information about the scope of the project and its financial status. The projectschedule is made by the contractor. Subcontractors are prepared for the technical support todo the project activities. The packages are designed and reviewed by subcontractors. Thecontractor just prepare the environmental setup based on the project. Quality assurance is alsochecked by the contractor for purchasing the product with a greater quality. Contractor shouldhave continuous communication with the stakeholders at all levels. They provide themaintenance and operation services for government FUSRAP facilities. Designers have the responsibility to understand the project and design the system orsolution as per the requirement of project. There are many solutions available to meet therequirements. But the designer should find out the best approach to design the project. Alsodesigners explains their approach in detail to the users. This explanation must answer thequestions as how this technology is best than others. The designer should determine theframework structure of the overall project.The work of the designer are as follows:? Collecting the data? Designing screens? Develop the programs3 ? Documenting the reports? Finally the overall work of the designer is provide to the programmer.Answer:The characteristics of merging RBP forms are as below:Partnering: This partnering applies between a single supply-chain. That is, one teammember with a client. This communication occurs between a team member and a client oncontinuing basis. This is followed in the overall project goals. This gives a continuousimprovement on of the project. It provides the gain advantage to a contractor and to theclient. Framework Agreements: It provides the supplier services to the client. The client onlyselects the supplier for a particular period. The framework agreements mainly focus on toimprove the performance of the project and also improves the quality of the relationship.SCM (Supply Chain Management): The main aim of the SCM is to reduce the number ofsubcontractors that needs to complete the project. This reduction have some logic that createsstrong bonds through collaboration by the small number of subcontractors.Project Alliances:RBP forms vary in different parts of the globe. They vary in differentapproaches that are available in RBP forms. The partnering, project alliances, frameworkagreements and integrated SCM approaches of RBP form are used mainly in U.K. Theapproaches partnering, IPD are used particularly in U.S. Partnering and Project Alliances areused in Europe. Integrated Supply Chain Management is used in Japan and Korea.Answer: These forms of collaboration is needed for the project management. In this, fourorders collaboration method is used to improve the efficiency of the project. In the first orderof collaboration, there is a limit for formalized incentives. But, all are present in the secondorder of collaboration. The third order of collaboration, is used to give more detailed andstrong defining feature to the fourth order of collaboration. In first order collaboration, itmainly focused on the efficiency of the product. During the time of first order collaboration,4 lean production is introduced. This is mainly focused on continuous incrementalimprovement, driving out waste and efficient logistics. The second order collaboration form mainly deals with the interaction between theteam members. This will help to clearly state the common purpose of the project. In thiscollaboration order, it gives detailed information about the effectiveness, which is one of theclear evident than the efficiency. The third order collaboration, gives more detailed ideaabout the platform used in the project. The platforms are such as communication platformand design development platform. Many platforms are use the BIM technology. IntegratedSCM is used to build the foundation of FAs. The fourth order of collaboration is mainlyfocused on the committed relationship. It also used to reduce the power.Answer:These forms of relationship have some of the negotiation. In the Design and Constructrelationship, the negotiation is happened between the design team and delivery teammembers. In the management contracting relationship, the collaborations takes place betweenthe project owner and management contractor. Integrated SCM relationship gives thenegotiation between the delivery team and Project Owner. Join venture makes the negotiationbetween the delivery team and Project Owner. Boot family relationship also gives thenegotiation between the delivery team and Project Owner. Project partnering, Strategicpartnering, integrated solutions and integrated project delivery did not provide anynegotiation between the participants of the project. These all relationship are used to maintainthe smooth relationship between the participants.In strategic partnering relationship, it usesthe selected suppliers and contractors for the programming phase. Here, using the set ofprotocols, open-book security and other agreements to build the transparency. Thesetechniques gives the smooth relationship between the participants. The open discussion is theother technique to maintain the smooth relationship with others. This gives the understandingof other's perspective. Also, gives strengths and their weaknesses for the negotiationprocess.In a strategic partnering relationship, it uses the selected suppliers and contractors forthe programming phase. Here, using the set of protocols, open-book security and otheragreements to build the transparency. These techniques gives the smooth relationshipbetween the participants. The open discussion is the other technique to maintain the smooth5 relationship with others. This gives the understanding of other's perspective. Also givestrengths and weaknesses for negotiation process.Answer:The presently used relationships are really effective in controlling the behaviouralfactors.This will have a greater impact on the financial status of the organization and can alsogive a positive impact on the management of the organization and its projects. Thenegotiation in the relationship will help to sort out all the problems that are faced by all in theproject management. The behavioural factors which affects the project will be reduced. Theprocess will be worked strategically by sharing the resources and routine works. This bringsease to both the parties in partnership and in joint venture. Therefore, the negotiation impactsare reasonable and necessary before setting a relationship with the partnership or a jointventure. As, it brings relief to both the partners and they can easily rely on each other toaccomplish the tasks. This can also help to increase the productivity and helps in reduction ofcost.The legal consequences will be faced if the partner fails to act as per the agreement setbefore the partnership. Therefore, no individual will like to get involved in such situations sothe negotiated conditions will be implemented by all. This is a plus point for the organizationas the fear in an individual will help to work on their tasks effectively and helps inproductivity of work.Answer: It is noted and determined that the integration and governance in GovernmentCommercial Negotiation situations can have a greater impact in the Organization. As, thegovernance allows the management i.e., controlling the process that are carried out in anyprojects of the organization. The presently used relationships are really effective incontrolling the behavioural factors. This will have a greater impact on the financial status ofthe organization. The Government Commercial Negotiation situations allows legalconsequences and any individual will not wish to be a part of it so the negotiated conditionswill be implemented by all. This is a plus point for the organization as the fear in an6 individual will help to work on their tasks effectively and this will increase the productivityand can reduce cost.The behavioural factors which affects the project will be reduced. The currently used relationships are really effective in controlling the behaviouralfactors. This will have a greater impact on the financial status of the organization and canalso give a positive impact on the management of the organization and its projects. Thenegotiation in the relationship will help to sort out all the problems that are faced by all in theproject management.Answer:The impact of “RBP Wittgenstein’s Family Resemblance Model” can be determinedthat the Platform Foundation Facilities are beneficial but the design integration, the deliveryand the competition demand among the bidders acts like a barrier. But, it can be implementedby partnership strategy.It gives the advantage of joint ventures.The behavioural factors arestated in the partnering agreement so they have to behave accordingly and it will avoid muchmore conflicts and misunderstands when a work is processed.All these factors will be alreadydocumented in the agreement so the negotiated results will be effective and will solve theissues faced in all the aspects of the partnership. The opposite party will be careful beforemisbehaving against the agreement as strict legal actions will be taken on that party.Theprocess will be worked strategically by sharing the resources and routine works. This bringsease to both the parties in partnership and in joint venture. Therefore, the negotiation impactsare reasonable and necessary before setting a partnership or a joint venture. As, it bringsrelief to both the partners and they can easily rely on each other to accomplish the tasks. Thiscan also help to increase the productivity and helps in reduction of cost. The Managementcontract and Integrated Solutions, helps to understand the strengths and the weakness of eachother's organization to develop an appropriate solution to it and controls the process. TheFramework agreement are same as the strategic partnering that helps the processing of the7 "