"Surname 16found in civilian positions, representing 57 percent and less often in police officer positions 43percent. Nine out of 10 civilian workers representing 87 percent of the clerical support workersare women the same as three-quarters of dispatch/communication employees which represented77 percent. Of those employed as managers, women represented six out of 10 employees, andthis represented 57 percent. The same percentage also represented those employed as schoolcrossing guards. Women were however not preferred to be hired as parking control officers and13 law enforcement. On 30 percent were hired in the same and 21 percent as cadetsIncrease of the Number of Female Officers ContinuesIn 2013, there were slightly over 14000 female officers in Canada, and the number iscontinually increasing as the number of male officers continues to decline. Female officers wereincreased by 172 while male officers reduced by 405 officers. In recent years, the total number offemale officers serving in the Canadian police unite has been on the rise as compared to the past.In the year 1993, a total of 8 percent were women as compared to 16 percent in the year 2003,and 20 percent is the year 2013. Across the provinces and territories, male officers rate rangedfrom as 13 percent in Yukon, 22 percent in British Columbia, to a 24 percent high in Quebec. Women and Ranks in PolicingMore and more higher-ranking positions are accounted for by women, the number ofwomen serving in non-commissioned officers and senior officers has been on the increase sincethe mid-1980s when comparable data became available(Brake and Hale 17). Women holding13 Gersher, Shayna. "Canada's domestic regulatory framework for RPAS: A call for publicdeliberation." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 2.1 (2013): 1-4. Print.16 Surname 17senior positions were 10 percent and 17 percent in the 1980s and 2013 respectively. Since 2003,the representation of women in these positions has tripled. Despite the number of female officersserving as constable being on the rise from the mid 1980-2005, the rate has beenconsideredstable. 22% of high ranking officers were female in 2013 as in comparison to fivepercent in the year 1986. According to National Household Survey (NHS), Aboriginal peoplewere represented by 4.3 percent of the entire population of Canada in 2011. This is translated to1,400,685 people of the total population of Canada. This population has been on the rise thanthose who are not Aboriginal population between the years 2006-2011.NHS also indicated that approximately 6,264,800 people were members of a visibleminority group. It represented 19.1% of the total Canadian population. This was contrary to16percent recorded in two thousand and six. The growth was contributed to by a large number ofmigrants who arrived from non-European countries such as South America, Oceania, Africa, theCaribbean and Central and other regions.Between 2006 and 2011 almost eight in ten of themigrants arrived and this represented 78 percent of the minority.17 Surname 18Figure 5: Female officers as a comparison of the total number of police officers, in regardto the rank in Canada, 1986-2013Police Expenditure in 2012The Canadian police services had an operating expenditure of thirteen point five billiondollars the year in 2012. This was an increaseby 2.8 percent from the year before 2011. Apartfrom 2011, spending on policing services had been on the rise since 1990s. In the year 2012, all18 "