" Surname 13utility and that actions are morally justifiable if they lead to maximum happiness and wrong ifthey do not (Bradburn 6). The theory is applicable in business and relevant to the subject ofethics in banking. This is because; business managers across different industries apply theutilitarian concepts by weighing the costs and benefits of a decision. There are two key and wide-ranging schools of thought on ethics under utilitarianism namelyTeleological and Deontological ethics (3).The teleological model focuses on the outcome ofthe decision made and not the means employed to reach at the decision, where the end justifiesthe means. Several theories that subscribe to this school of thought include Machiavellism,utilitarianism, and ethical egoism. On the other hand, the Deontological ethicsphilosophiescenter on the means of arriving at a decision. 2.4.2Teleological PrinciplesAccording to the ethical egoism theory,an agent is morally obligated to do what promotes hisown good or welfare (Crisp 715). The theory suggests that individuals should behave in amanner that capitalizes on their own long-term benefits. The implication of this school ofthought is that morality is of diminutive value and for that reasonsuggests that there is no needto behave ethically. On the contrary, Utilitarianismtheory postulates that a person should act ina way that would accomplish or maximize good for the benefit other people, in other wordsputting the needs of other people first. Wainwright (np) argues that “Utilitarianism prizes andpursues happiness wherever it is found, including the unworthy.” The implication of thisstatement is that this theory is guided by rules of fair distribution whereeveryone is thoughtequal regardless of rank, race,religious conviction or astuteness.The theory suggests thatindividuals must always put into consideration the long-term effects of any decisions made andthat ultimately, the good must be measured in totality.2.4.3 Deontological philosophiesThe Deontological philosophy is founded on sense of obligation that is devoid of consequences.According to this model, an act or decision is correct or immoral, not because of itsdisadvantages but because of its characteristics. Immanuel Kant is the mostprominentdeontological theorist. Kant establishedseveral codes which are universal, non-contradictoryand founded on life?s experiences. According to the Kantian school of thought, an individual should act according to theirmoral obligation. Kant argued that one?s actions should ultimately be expressions of one?selementaryobligation to a moral law that is obligatory on all sensible beings or that one shouldact in such a way that “the principles of the action could become a universal law in a worldwhich one would have to live in” (Valasquez 522). Kant?s interpretation, therefore, evaluatesmorality by probing the nature of activities instead of the goals achieved.In the banking fraternity, the deontological principles are represented by the code of practice thatensures the safeguarding of rights, responsibility and evenhandedness by central banks,governments, and the industry as whole. The concept of control within the banking domain, bydefinition, operates by setting and enforcing rules. Such rules apply to operations within banks,such as the defined credit ceilings for customer credits; rules entrenched in risk frameworks,which become operational at a predefined starting point of particular market values of chattels;or the costs of specific variables of a bank?s financial robustness, such as its capital quotient.Surname 14From a deontological viewpoint, such guidelines codify the obligation of banks, in their role asagents not to implement courses of action that contravene the rights other actors. For instance,bankers should not settle on taking unnecessary risk if the move will interfere with the rights oftheir creditors. Another vital kind of directive is by the government and its associated authorities.There are the protocols that are enforced by central banks, funneled by globally recognizedprocedures for intercontinental monetary markets. Without a more robust commitment to theinviolability of directions, both in terms of the setting and implementation of rules, deontologyremains limited in its moral capability to avert the next economic crisis. Moreover, directionsonly are too restricted to tackle the everyday moral dilemmas in the financial decision makingprocess. Rules can clash, or become implemented too late, thereby making them ineffective inthe long run.2.4.4 Ethics of care modelWhile deontology depends on the implementation of moral behavior from external forces,in the form of sacrosanct guidelines, the ethics of care attempts to explain agents? conduct andcompanies? strategies from a profounder moral sense. The model is concerned with moralconsideration and reflection by representatives whenever they get an opportunity to makedifferent choices. The ethics of care puts more emphasis on interpersonal cooperation and theformation of social ties.It enables an essential shift in the bounds of the baking sector. Whenapplied in banking, the ethics of care is conveyed through exertions to curtail harm in routinepractices that have likely injurious effects on others.2.4.5 Corporate code of ethics Characteristically, a corporate code of ethics encourages employees to act honorably by theorganization and its clients within lawful requirements. Such a code means that the employee?s firstpriority is to serve the company?s interest exclusively and morally with regard to guidelines.Insteadof ethics in the workplace being an absolute imperative, as suggested by the Kantian and Utilitarianschools of thought, the corporate ethics code is more emphasizes on acting within a legal framework. Progressively, in the wake of modern-day scandals that started in the 1990s and culminated intointernational economic crisis in the late 200s, commerce and ethics have been flagrantly combinedby many firms. However, the combination of the two concepts time and again becomes misalignedbecause of contradictory moral positions about expected staff behaviors. The real-world applicationof integrity in companies should extend beyond didactic and legalistic methodologies. Variousmanagement and business researchers have misgivings with the way businesses deal with ethicalissues by formularizing and implementing ethical rules (Clegg et al 107).Ethics and business control in bankingBanks have an ethical duty to abide by their agreements and to follow to all sensible codes ofpractice. Such moral obligations mean that the banks need to uphold sufficient regulations toensure the protection of the resources under its care. According to the Kantian philosophy, banksmust always carry out their business justly and transparently, because if fraudulence was taken asa generalcliché, consumers would not have confidence. Surname 15Ethical aspects in the banking business relate to fiduciary duties. From a legalperspective, the association between a banker and a consumer is essentially a borrower-lenderkind of relationship. Traditionally, Customers have been depositing their money with financialinstitutions, where the money becomes the bank?spropertyas long as it can recompense ondemand. However, the advancement of banking and the coming on of regulation in the sectorhave led to a clarification of the fiduciary activities relating to banks to their clients and tosociety. Owing to the high regard and the level of trustthat the society places on banks, thefinancial institutions should therefore act with an awareness of their moral obligation to society.Bankers, in their decision-making roles confront the challenge of acting ethically when tacklingthe shareholders and the greater society. More often than not, ethical values get blurred (anaspect that contravenes Kantian principles). Such challenges have necessitated the establishmentcodes of ethics and prudential guidelines.Business governance and moral codes are linked in that the control of businessesconcerns the establishment of decision making and regulatory structures, that are intended tobring into line the activities of banks as agents to the benefits of theowners and society.Thus,corporate managementdeals with efforts to deter some ethical impasses, and where theycannot be stopped, they offerguidelines to agents on how to resolve such dilemmas.3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1.0 Research purpose The research?s main purpose was to investigate the ethical norms in Kenya?s banking industry inKenya in regard to ethical concerns, by giving in-depth interviews which are administered inform of set questionnaires, which is geared to derive get both general and professional opinionsof clients of the banks identified, banking professions, and banks in Kenya. The 100 respondentssampled as the population of this study were from diverse localities within the country. Thequestionnaire designed and distributed consisted of sixteen questions. The questions designedsolicited for a closed response of a True, false and occasionally, of whose reaction was analyzedand put into a table using Microsoft applications such as Excel and other standard software.The researcher carried out personalized face-to-face and telephone interviews A total ofninety eight of the questionnaires were filled uptherefore producing a response rate ofninetyeight percent Mainly we opted for qualitative studies so as to effectively use a criterion oninductive approach so as to generalize the final outcomes both theoretically and empirically. Thisqualitative approach was able to collect concrete information which identified the unethicalbehaviors in the banking industry in Kenya and therefore propose possible resolutions to changethe unethical norms within the industry with a goal to end the bankruptcy crisis.3.1.1 Research FindingsThe analyzing of this data was conducted by the use of Ms Excel spreadsheets and displayed incorrelation analysis with measures of central tendencies.3.1.2 Descriptive statistics of the research variables "