"Salvation, according to HinduismThe main paths of salvation in Hinduism are Jnana Marga, Karma Marga and Bhakti Marg. Jnana refers to the cultivation of knowledge. Jnanis are generally philosophers and meditators.They are not interested merely in material results, but in knowledge for its own sake and inhigher truths of life. They dwell on the ultimate questions in life such as Who am I, Why am Ihere, Why am I suffering, Where does everything come from and What is the purpose of life.Karma refers in the broadest sense to any activity, but it often means activities performed withthe intention of enjoying the results. When we sleep, watch TV, drive our car or do just aboutanything, that's karma. Karma may be good or bad. Bhakti Marg is the path of devotion that leads to self-realization. It involves the understandingthat the body and mind are distinct from one?s inner identity and being; in other words, one is aspark of pure consciousness.BuddhismSiddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, reportedly lived from 566-480 B.C. As the son ofan Indian warrior-king, Gautama led an extravagant life as a young adult. But one day, asGautama wandered into his kingdom, he encountered suffering in the form of an old man, a sickman, a corpse and an ascetic. Gautama was convinced that suffering lay at the root of allexistence and decided to renounce his princely title, become a monk and thereby seek tocomprehend the reality around him. The culmination of his search came while meditatingbeneath a tree, where he finally understood the truth of suffering and the means of attainingsalvation. Gautama thus came to be known as the Buddha or the Enlightened One.The Four Noble Truths of suffering are the essence of Buddha's teachings and can be stated asfollows:1. There is sufferingSuffering and dissatisfaction are a part of life due to the imperfection inherent in humans and theworld at large. Suffering s can assume many forms ranging from physical suffering to such aspain, sickness, injury, tiredness and old age, to psychological and mental pain, and eventuallydeath. Happiness and joy may be fleeting, while pain and suffering are an indispensable part of life.2. Suffering has a cause The primary cause of suffering is attachment and desires. Desires may range from the urge tohave and control things, to the desire for fame and fortune. Attachments, by their very nature, aremomentary and would inevitably lead to disappointment and suffering to oneself and to others.3. There is cessation to suffering Suffering can be ended by giving up attachments to desires and ignorance. This state is calledNirvana, which is the final liberation of suffering. In Nirvana, the individual is totally free fromall worries, troubles and ideas. The mind experiences complete freedom, liberation and non- attachment. 4. There is a way to cessation of suffering The Eightfold Path is a means to achieving the goal of freedom from suffering. The eight-foldpath, also called the Middle Path or Middle Way, consists of 8 components (and not stages!) toend suffering and attain enlightenment. The Eightfold Path1. Right ViewThere is no „I? as such and what we think of as the self is not a permanent entity. Buddhatherefore stressed on having the right view and seeing things as they really are, without falseillusions and pretenses. He wanted his followers to see and to understand the transient nature ofworldly ideas and possessions, and to understand that salvation can only be attained throughright karma.2. Right ThinkingThought has an immense influence on human behavior. We are what we are because of what wethink, according to Buddha. Our thought process determines our actions and it is thereforenecessary to follow the path of Right thought or Right Intention. A person can have the RightIntention or the Right Thought by being aware of his purpose or role in life and think of theessential quality of all human beings.3. Right SpeechRight Speech is an important part of human life. Buddha asked his followers to speak truth, andavoid slander and abusive language. There can be harmony in society only when all theindividuals abstain from mindless, superficial chatter and engage in meaningful communication.4. Right ActionRight action entails respect for life, property and relationships. Peaceful and harmoniousbehavior is only possible when we abstain from stealing, killing, over-indulgence in sensualpleasures, fraudulent practices, deceitfulness and robbery. 5. Right LivelihoodBuddha advises his followers to earn their living in a righteous manner, without resorting toillegal and nefarious activities such as exploiting fellow human beings or animals and trading inweapons and contraband substances.6. Right EffortRight Livelihood has to be accompanied with the right efforts. We can become better humanbeings only when we train our minds to think in the right direction, replacing unpleasantthoughts with positive ones.7. Right MindfulnessRight Mindfulness means total awareness and attention. It involves a relentless focus onemotions, mental faculties and capabilities, while simultaneously abstaining from worldly desiresand other distractions. It is the ability of the mind to see things as they are without being ledastray by greed, avarice, anger and ignorance.8. Right ConcentrationRight Concentration is focusing the mind on a single object and is fundamental for propermeditation. This is the most important aspect of the Noble Eightfold path as without propermeditation, an individual cannot move on to a higher level of well-being. Right Mindfulness andRight Concentration form the basis of Buddhist meditation. JainismJainism is among the oldest religions of the world. There are 24 Tirthankaras in Jainism; the firstth is Rishabhanatha (millions of years ago) and 24 is Mahavira (around 500 BCE). The JainDharma that has come down to the present times is the one expounded by Mahavira.Jainism has two major traditions, Digambaras and Svetambaras, and several smaller sub- traditions that emerged in 2CE. The Digambaras and Svetambaras differ from each other in theirascetic practices, gender and adherence to canonical texts. The ascetic is a wandering mendicantin the Digambara tradition and a resident mendicant in the Svetambara tradition.The main religious premises of Jainism are ahimsa (non-violence"), anekantavada ("many- sidedness"), aparigraha ("non-attachment") and asceticism.AhimsaThe principle of ahimsa is a fundamental tenet of Jainism. Ahimsa states that one must abandonall violent activities. Jain theology makes no distinction between correctness and defensibility ofviolence; all that matters for Jainism is that one must not kill any being, and "non-violence isone's highest religious duty".[Many-sided reality The second principle of Jainism is Anekantavada or Anekantatva. This doctrine states that truthand reality are complex and multi-faceted. Reality can be experienced in many ways, but cannever be exhausted by means of language. Language is not Truth, but rather a means to expressTruth and all communication is but Naya or "partial expression of the truth" from oneperspective. For example, one can experience taste, but cannot fully express that taste throughlanguage. In the same way, spiritual truths are complex and can?t be fully expressed"