"The origins of bullying conceptIt is notable that behaviors associated with bullying have occurred throughout human history inmany cultures and the term was used in psychological research for decades without precisedefinition. According to psychologists the 'bullying' word has it's linguistics ambiguous origins,and has begun referring to excessive and unjust intimidation in the last century.Parten (1933) used the term to describe the aggressive "leadership" style of preschool-agedchildren. Sybsequent, sporadic use of the term bullying appeared in research during the 1930s and1940s, with studies examining its relationship to poor reading performance , as a type odaggressive behavior , and in the context of sociometric studies of best and least liked pupils .It was not until the 1970s that researchers began to focus increasing attention on youth andschool-related bullying. Lowenstein (1972, 1975) began to examine school violence in Englandand expanded this work to include bullying.From Mobbing to Bullying:The early seminal research conducted in Scandinavian countries used the term "Mobbing" whichrefers to hurt an individual called "whipping boy"by group , the term borrowed from biologicalsciences. (Furlong, et al. ,2010 :330) The Swedish Peter Paul Heinemann is the first to draw attention to the problem of bullying afterbeing observed by him in the playgrounds during his routine visits to the schools. (Besag, 1989:7; Heinemann, 1973)The term "Mobbing" was introduced to the public debate in Sweden by Heinemann, where theterm was presented in his article "Apartheid" (1969) in the Liberal Debatt journal, Heinemannborrowed the term from the Swedish version of "The Aggression" "(1968) written by the AustrianKonrad Lorenz known behavioral specialist.The word mobbing/attacking in ethology is used to describe "the collective attack of a group ofanimals on an animal of another species which is most likely the natural enemy of that group". Itwas also used in Lorenz's (1968) book: "To describe the action of the school class or a group ofsoldiers ganging up against a deviating individual." (Olweus, 2010: 9)The term Mob has been used frequently in social psychology for some time, and to some extentalso used by the general public in English-speaking countries to describe a relatively large groupof individuals, a crowd of people, or to join an activity or goal Mutual. There was a distinctionbetween several types of mobs or rascals in the psycho-social heritage, including the aggressivemob, the panic-stricken mob, the acquisitive mob, and usually The members of these groups havestrong emotions, and their behavior and reactions are somewhat illogical {For a review see:Lindzey, 1954}. (Olweus, 2010 : 9)Olweus saw that the implicit connotations of the concept of attack could easily lead toinappropriate expectations about bullying and some aspects of the problem being neglected. Theterm attacking involves the importance of the group versus its members. The idea of attacking inschool is a matter of collective aggression by a relatively homogenous group that obscures the relative contributions made by individuals. Where the role of culprits or thugs can easily beabsent within the community. This term can result in teachers' difficulty in defining thephenomenon of bullying in the classroom, due to harassment by a small group or individual (themost frequent type in schools) of those alliances by a group against an individual, and moreappropriate for the term attacking. (Olweus, 2010: 9-10)On the other hand, the use of the concept of attack can also lead to over-emphasis on temporalconditions, and is determined by the situation, as in the words: (suddenly seized the group,without anticipating the mood of the moment, and turned towards an individual who for somereason or last attracted Raging, and hostile group). "Although I believe that such a temporaryemotion from a group of school children can happen, I think it is important to draw attention toanother kind of position, in which the individual student is subjected to systematic aggression,Longer either by another individual, a small group or a whole class". (Olweus, 1978: 5)The research picture of peer harassment in schools has differed greatly from what the concept ofattack generally means in social psychology or ethology. The use of the term in Scandinavia hasdeviated from its radical meaning, whether scientific or linguistic. At the same time, it was clearat an early stage to the English-speaking public that the terms Mob, Mobbing are not appropriateto describe bullying, because it's usually draw links in the direction of psycho-social / ethologicalconcepts, and the original meaning of Mob.So In his early English writing, Olweus (eg. Olweus, 1978) tends to use the term bully /victim orwhipping boy instead of or adding to the Mobbing/Attacking. These terms appear to havegenerally received international acceptance (in English-speaking countries) to denote peerharassment, which Scandinavian countries label to be somewhat inappropriate in terms oflanguage attack. (Olweus, 2010:10-11)Olweus adheredto the original Scaninvian interpretation of mobbing which designates groupviolenece only as compared to the more widely used English definition of bullying whichincludes both group violence and individual violenece in it's meaning.(Kalliotis, 2000)If we take the modern study of bullying as dating from Olweus_ first book, Aggression in theschools: Bullies and whipping boys, published in 1978, then we now have 25 years of researchhistory, although concerted international work only begins to date from around 10–15 yearsago, following the Stavanger conference (1988), the first UK books (1989), the disseminationof the Bergen intervention results (1993), and the results of the Sheffield project (1994). A more recent compendium of studies (Smith et al., 1999) documents the work being done inmany countries across the globe. Juvonen and Graham (2001) provide a selection of researchstudies on victimisation. (Smith , 2004)The term has been adopted and used in different cultures, for example: in Australia, Japan,Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Despite the increasing use of the term, theconsensus on the definition of the ability to learn about this global experience was elusive. Thiswas evident in Schuster's (1996) review of Mobbing and Bullying research, and Arora (1996)From a deep discussion of these tariff issues. (Furlong, et al., 2010: 330) Most specialists in the field of bullying have agreed that there is widespread debate about findinga clear definition of the term bullying. The comprehensive research on heritage reveals that thisproblem is mentioned in the majority of what has been published. (Olweus, 2011)Bullying definitions: ? Bjorkquist et al. (1982) that bullying is "a special case of aggression, social innature".(Besag, 1989: 4)? Olweus's (1983) definition of bullying, which is gradually accepted by most researchers,includes three characteristics characteristic of bullying behavior than other behaviors:behavior:(1) deliberately negative (2) usually occurs as much as repetition (3) towards a person who hasdifficulty defending himself.It is clear from this definition that bullying is a particular form of aggressive behavior in whichthe rights of another person are violated. In addition, it is a form of departure from the rules, and apattern of behavior against society. (Olweus, 2011)Olweus (1987) suggested that the victimization of bullying happen when: regularly exposed, overtime to negative acts by one or more people.? Ronald has defined bullying as "the use of systematic, long-term psychological or physicalviolence directed against an individual who is unable to defend himself in the actualsituation."? Besag (1989) points out that there was a consensus among researchers in England thatbullying could be an attack carried out only by: one individual against another or oneindividual against a group or group against another group or group against one individual.Besag (1989) defined the behavior of bullying as:Repeated attack (physical / psychological / social / verbal), carried out by someone who is in aposition of strength, and has the intention to cause harm to those who are unable to resist in orderto achieve special gains or to satisfy a desire. (Besag, 1989: 4-13)? The concise Oxford English Dictionary (1991) defines the verb ‘to bully’ as: persecute,oppress, tease, physically or morally, frighten into or out. The ‘bully’ was defined as:blusterer, tyrant (among boys), coward and tyrant, hired ruffian. (Kim, 2004)? Smith and Thompson (1991) stated that "Bullying can be taken to bea subset of aggressivebehavior. As with aggressive behavior generally, bullying intentionally causes hurt to therecipient. This hurt can be both physical or psychological" , And they stated that threefurther criteria: distinguish bullying that it is unprovoked, that it occurs repeatedly and thatthe bully is stronger than the victim or is perceives to be stronger. (Kalliotis, 2000)? An early definition of bullying by Tattum and Tattum (1992) as 'the desire to hurt or putsomeone under pressure' is now generally regarded as inadequate as a complete definitionand to constitute only one element of bullying. (Rigby, 2002)? Many researchers used Olweus (1993) to define bullying, which states that: "