"False CauseChapter 6 homeworkFalse anomalies label one thing on the cause of another thing on the basis of very less evidenceavailable. They jump on making false conclusions and conspiracies. For instance, there is falseanomaly about bananas that alligators are afraid of bananas. Bananas keep them away. If aperson is holding a banana in front of an alligator, the alligator will not come close to him. It is afallacy because bananas do not keep alligators away. It’s just the effect of wrong kind ofenvironment.When we are having two situations at the same time and we know that out of these two situationsonly one situation can be true and soon we find out that which situation is true and which one isfalse. Or if we come to know only about the false situation, from it we can conclude that theother one must be true. We call this pattern of reasoning as argument by elimination. Mostly, theadvertising companies use fallacies to catch the attention of their viewers. For example a beautycream company says that our company produces a cream that has best results than all the othercompanies that produce beauty creams and our beauty cream will make you glow like diamondsand will make you more beautiful. This is a fallacy because there is no such cream that will makeyou glow like diamonds. This is a questionable argument by elimination because it can’t beproved by doing any statistics that how much true information they have provided to theirviewers.Illicit causal inferences have created a great number of problems in the field of science and haveplagued the use of case studies in many areas of science. Causation can be inferred fromcorrelation. The main fallacy in causation that is inferred from correlation is known as the thirdvariable problem and according to it the third variable is responsible for correlation between the other two variables.The only difference between causal inference and inference is that theresponse of the effect variable is analyzed by the former when a change is caused in a particularsituation.When an analogy is used for proving or disproving an argument, but it is itself an argument morethan solving an argument and is completely unlike that argument and analogy is too dissimilar tobe effective. Its strength is very subjective. For example the analogy that the high tides in theocean are caused by the effects caused by the full moon or the stars determine the birth of anindividual. All of these are unsupported analogies.A claim or a statement is considered important only when it can be tested. But if a statement istotally un-testable and has no consequences then it is considered meaningless. Often the reasonbehind it is the vagueness of the statement. For example red color is considered as the sign ofdanger and you are told that this color will brought bad luck to you. A color can’t decide thechances of life or death and good or bad of a person. Such statements are hard to be tested.Supernatural explanations are not tested by science. It needs to include explicitly testedpredictions that can be checked.Jargon is usually known as a specialized language that is used by the people of same professionat their workplace. Jargons don’t mean anything, so it’s better to avoid them. It explains anexplanation in a number of ways which means nothing. It doesn’t have a big fan base.Sometimes that language can be very aggressive and empty or stress-inducing.Sometimes we desperately want to be right about a claim or situation with holding any evidence.But we want to prove that claim no matter what. So we start making excuses about it that whyour belief could still be true and we know that we don’t have any solid reason or evidence for it "