"makes H(2)CO(3). Soft-drink makers often add phosphoric acid to colas to produce a sharpflavor and to slow the growth of mold and bacteria. Most of the acidity in colas comes fromphosphoric acid, whose chemical formula is H(3)PO(4) Some sodas contain acids in addition to the three most common ones. Malic acid ispresent in some fruits and their juices and makers of noncarbonated drinks sometimes addquantities of it for flavor and as a preservative. For similar reasons, some fruit drinks containfumaric acid as an additive. However all the major soft drinks found in the market such as Coke (Coca Cola),Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Sprite, etc. contain citric and phosphoric acid in them to some extentand the following tests will help in determination of the acid content in these soft drinks. Thest experiments will be done in multiple parts. In the 1 part of the experiment citric acid contentnd would be determined. In the 2 part of the experiment, phosphoric acid content would bedetermined.DETERMINATION OF CITRIC ACID IN THE SOFT DRINKSHere Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, (a triprotic acid) will be titrated, and the amount of citric acid,C3H4OH(COOH)3, in the soft drink will be determined. PART I: PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF A BASE SOLUTIONMATERIALS NEEDED:Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (pellets)Potassium acid phthalate, KHC8H4O4, oven driedPhenolphthalein solution (1% by mass in ethanol)Buffer solutions, pH 4 and pH 710 mL graduated cylinder 100 mL graduated cylinder250 mL volumetric flask with cap or stopper100-mL beakers - 2250-mL beakers - 250-mL Burettes - 2Small funnels to fit the burettes - 2 LabPro unit and computer with pH electrode Drop counter Magnetic stirrer with stir bar PREPARING THE SOLUTIONS:250 mL (0.25 L) of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution starting with solid sodium hydroxideneeds to prepared first. For this distilled water was used. The solution was prepared in a 250- mL volumetric flask.To prepare the sodium hydroxide solution, the mass of sodium hydroxide needed needs to bedetermined first. This is obtained by the following method:i. The volumetric flask was approximately filled 75% full with water through the funnel.ii. The sodium hydroxide was added to the volumetric flask.iii. The solution inside the volumetric flask was gently shaken.iv. After the sodium hydroxide had dissolved, the volumetric flask was filled to the 250-mLmark. The solution was gently shaken.v. The volume of the solution was adjusted to 250 mL using distilled water and shaken again.vi. The volumetric flask was labeled for identification.SOLUTIONS FROM SOLID SOLUTESTo prepare the Molar solution from the solid solute, the formula used was: M·V·Wg = —–—–––1000where g = mass of solute needed, in gramsM = molarity of the desired solutionV = volume, in mL, of solution to be preparedW = Molecular mass of the solute(The 1000 is a conversion factor from mL to L) For example, to make 100 mL of a 1.5 M solution of sodium hydroxide, the calculation willbe as:(1.5 M) x (100 mL) x (40.0 g/mol)g = —————–––––––——–––––––– = 6.00 g sodium hydroxide needed 1000 mL/LTo make the solution, 4.00 g of the solid sodium hydroxide was added to approximately 75mL of water. After the solid had been dissolved, the volume of the solution was adjusted to100 Ml. "