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legitimate states around the world and that countering the

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  • "legitimate states around the world and that countering the form of extremism committed by thegroup will be far from smooth (Cockburn 2014; Dhiman 2015; Nuruzzaman 2015). In addition,researchers tend to agree that the terrorist group and the conflict..

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  • "legitimate states around the world and that countering the form of extremism committed by thegroup will be far from smooth (Cockburn 2014; Dhiman 2015; Nuruzzaman 2015). In addition,researchers tend to agree that the terrorist group and the conflicts within which it operates areboth innately extraordinary with respect to complexity and flexibility due to a broad array offactors.The existing body of the literature on ISIS and counterterrorism efforts underscores thesignificance of coalition efforts in the ongoing war against ISIS. Similarly, while researcherstend to agree on the significant contribution of counterterrorism efforts, there is a considerablelevel of disagreement in the extent to which anti-ISIS efforts and policies have been effective(Leigh 2014; Pollard, Poplack and Casey 2015; Providence Research 2014). Nonetheless, thereis a consensus from the current literature that the sophisticated structure of ISIS, its robustpropaganda strategy, and challenges resulting from a multi-state involvement in the fightagainst ISIS contribute to the limited success of U.S. foreign policy efforts against ISIS(Blanchard and Humud 2016; Lahoud and Collins 2016). 16 ReferencesAbadie, Alberto. "Poverty, political freedom and the roots of terrorism." American EconomicReview, 2006: 50-56.Abrahms, Max. "What terrorists really want: Terrorist motives and counterterrorism strategy."International Security 32, no. 4 (2008): 78-105.Andrew, Mack. "Why big nations lose small wars: The poltiics of asymmetric conflict." WorldPolitics 27, no. 2 (January 1975): 175-200.Arreguin-Toft, Ivan. "How the weak win wars: A theory of asymmetric conflict." InternationalSecurity 26, no. 1 (2001): 93-128.Ashour, Omar. "Why does the Islamic State endure and expand?" Istituto Affari InternazionaliWorking Papers (Istituto Affari Intenazionali) 15, no. 52 (December 2015): 1-19.Blanchard, Christopher M., and Carla E. Humud. The Islamic State and U.S. Policy. CRS Reportfor Congress, Congressional Research Service, 2016.Braithwaite, Alex, and Shane D. Johnson. "Space-time modeling of insurgency andcounterinsurgency in Iraq." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 28, no. 1 (March 2012):31-48.Byman, Daniel. "Friends like these: Counterinsurgency and the war on terrorism." InternatinalSecurity, 2006: 79-115.Byman, Daniel. "Understanding the Islamic State - A review essay." International Security 40,no. 4 (2016): 127-165.Caravelli, Jack. Nuclear Insecurity: Understanding the Threat from Rogue Nations andTerrorists. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008.Cockburn, P. The Jihadis Return: ISIS and the New Sunni Uprising. OR Books, LLC, 2014.Collier, Paul, Anke Hoeffler, and Mans Soderbom. "On the duration of Civil War." Journal ofPeace Research 41, no. 3 (2004): 253-273.Council on Foreign Relations. The Global Regime for Terrorism. Council on Foreign Relations,2013.Crenshaw, Martha. "The causes of terrorism." Comparative Politics, 1981: 379-399.Dar, Showkay Ahmad. "Contemporary discourses on the possibility of an „Islamic state?: anoverview." Contemporary Arab Affairs, 2016: 421-427.Dhiman, C. S. C. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Reconciliation, Democracy and Terror.Neha Publishers & Distributors, 2015.Ervine, Patrick. Does Terrorism Pose a Real Threat to Security? Nov 15, 2010. http://www.e- ir.info/2010/11/15/does-terrorism-pose-a-real-threat-to-security/ (accessed June 11,17 2016).Hafez, M. M. Why Muslims Rebel. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003.Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1998.Ingram, Haroro J. "The strategic logic of Islamic State information operations." AustralianJournal of International Affairs, 2015: 729-752.Jones, Seth G., and Martin C. Libicki. How terrorist groups end: Lessons for countering al- Qaeda. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2008.Kaplan, Jeffrey, and Christopher P. Costa. "The Islamic State and the New Tribalism." Terrorismand Political Violence, 2015: 926-969.Karakoc, Julide. "The failure of indirect orientalism: Islamic State." Critique, 2014: 597-606.Krueger, A. What Makes a Terrorist: Economis and the Root Causes of Terrrism. Princeton:Princeton University Press, 2007.Kydd, A., and B. F. Walter. "The strategies of terrorism." International Security, 2006: 49-80.Lahoud, Nelly, and Liam Collins. "How the CT Community Failed to Anticipate the IslamicState." Democracy and Security, 2016: 199-210.McCormick, G. "Terrorist decision making." Annual Review of Political Science, 2003: 473-507.Mobley, B. W. Terrorism and Counterintelligence: How Terorist Groups Elude Detection.Columbia University Press, 2013.Moghaddam, F. "The staircase to terrorism: A pscyhological exploration." AmericanPsychologist, 2005: 161-169.Neumann, Peter R., and Brooke Robers. Recruitment and mobilisation for the Islamist militantmovement in Europe. Kings College: University of London, 2007.Nuruzzaman, Mohammed. "The challenge of the Islamic State." Global Affairs, 2015: 297-304.O'Connor, Laurine. "Legality of the use of force in Syria against Islamic State and the KhorasanGroup." Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 2016: 1-27.Pape, Robert A. "The strategic logic of suicide terrorism." American Political Science Review 97,no. 3 (2003): 343-361.Pape, Robert A. "What is new about reserach on terrorism." Security Studies, 2009: 643.Piazza, J. A. "Is Islamist terrorism more dangerous?: An empirical study of group ideology,organziation, and goal structure." Terrorism and Political Violence, 2009: 62-88.Pollard, Stacey Erin, David Alexander Poplack, and Kevin Carroll Casey. "Understanding theIslamic State's competitive advantages: Remarking state and nationhood in the MiddleEast and North Africa." Terrorism and Political Violence, 2015: 1-21.18 Providence Research. The ISIS Threat: The Rise of the Islamic State and their DangerousPotential. Providence Research, 2014.Quillen, Chris. "The Islamic State's Evolving Chemical Arsenal." Studies in Conflict &Terrorism, 2016: 1019-1030.Rapport, D. C. Assasination and Terrorism. Toronto: CBC Merchandising, 1971.Rogers, Paul. "Islamic State: In retreat or transition?" Global Security Briefing (Oxford ResearchGroup), April 2016.Sageman, M. Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: Unversity of Pennsylvania, 2004.Sandler, Todd, John Tschirhart, and Jon Cauley. "A theoretical analysis of transnatinalterrorism." American Political Science Review, 1983: 36-54.Sekulow, J., R. W. Ash, and D. French. Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore. Simon andSchuster, 2014.United Nations. A more secure world: Our shared responsbility. Report of the High-Level Panelon Threats, Challenges and Change, Geneva: United Nations, 2004.Weinberg, Leonard. "The Islamic State and American National Security." Democracy andSecurity, 2014: 335-342.Wilkinson, Paul. Terrorism and the liberal state. London: Frank Cass, 1986.19 "

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